{
  "title": "Simpson's paradox source timeline",
  "description": "Four dated sources behind the Berkeley example of Simpson's paradox, one row per source, each with how much of it was read: Yule 1903 (section 5 read, with its worked example recomputed), Simpson 1951 and Bickel, Hammel and O'Connell 1975 (bibliographic records only), and the 1973 Berkeley data as distributed with R. Compiled 2026-10-31. License CC BY 4.0 (facts and arrangement).",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "creator": "Puzzles, Charts & Dilemmas",
  "page": "https://puzzleschartsanddilemmas.com/charts/simpsons-paradox/",
  "derived_from": [
    "G. Udny Yule, Notes on the Theory of Association of Attributes in Statistics, Biometrika 2(2):121-134 (1903), section 5, https://archive.org/details/sim_biometrika_1903-02_2_2 (public domain)",
    "E. H. Simpson, The Interpretation of Interaction in Contingency Tables, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 13(2):238-241 (1951), doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00088.x (bibliographic record only)",
    "Bickel, P. J., Hammel, E. A., and O'Connell, J. W. (1975), Sex Bias in Graduate Admissions: Data from Berkeley, Science 187(4175):398-404, doi:10.1126/science.187.4175.398 (bibliographic record only; cited by the R documentation, not consulted here)",
    "R datasets package documentation, UCBAdmissions, https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/datasets/html/UCBAdmissions.html (facts only, no text reproduced)"
  ],
  "method": "Compiled by Puzzles, Charts & Dilemmas from the data listed"
}